Residual oil fly ash increases the susceptibility to infection and severely damages the lungs after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen.

Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient particulate matter, has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms in exposed workers. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ROFA preexposure on lung defense and injury after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed intratracheally at day 0 with saline (control) or ROFA (0.2 or 1 mg/100 g body weight). Three days later, a low (5 x 10(3)) or high (5 x 10(5)) dose of Listeria monocytogenes was instilled intratracheally into the ROFA- and saline-treated rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right lungs at days 6, 8, and 10. The recovered cells were differentiated, and chemiluminescence (CL) and nitric oxide (NO) production, two indices of alveolar macrophage (AM) function, were measured. At the same time points, the left lung and spleen were removed, homogenized, and cultured, and colony-forming units were counted after an overnight incubation. Exposure to ROFA and the high dose of L. monocytogenes led to marked lung injury and inflammation as well as to an increase in mortality, compared with rats treated with saline and the high dose of L. monocytogenes. Preexposure to ROFA significantly enhanced injury and delayed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes at both bacterial doses when compared to the saline-treated control rats. ROFA had no effect on AM CL but caused a significant suppression of AM NO production, as compared to the saline control rats. We have demonstrated that acute exposure to ROFA slowed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes. The suppression in AM NO production by ROFA pretreatment likely plays an important role. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to ROFA may alter AM function and lead to increased susceptibility to lung infection in exposed populations.     

复方高渗盐溶液复苏失血性休克对肺部炎症反应的免疫调节作用

为探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液（HSH）复苏失血性休克时对肺部炎症免疫调节作用的分子机制，采用SD大鼠失血性休克＋气管内滴入内毒素（LPS）的二次打击模型。分别用HSH和乳酸林格液（RL）复苏大鼠，复苏后1、2、4h处死动物，流式细胞仪检测中性粒细胞（PMN）上CD11b的表达；支气管肺泡灌洗液计数PMN；Bradly改良法测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性以反映肺总的PMN浸润。结果显示：HSH组同RL组比较，各时间点PMN表达的CD11b显著下降（P＜0.01)，BALF中PMN减少，肺水肿程度减轻肺MPO活性水平降低（P＜0．05）。提示HSH可抑制LPS诱导的PMN粘附分子CD11b上调表达，减少肺内PMN的浸润数，减轻过度炎症反应，对肺组织具有保护性的抗炎效果。     

淮北煤矿煤尘的急性肺部反应实验研究

目的：为评价煤尘对肺细胞的损伤，提供呼吸毒理学依据。方法：测定了淮北煤矿各个矿区煤样的游离二氧化硅含量。采用一次性气管内注入染尘方式，分析了大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中细胞成份与生化指标的变化，比较了不同矿区煤样标本对肺细胞毒性和病理改变，用全自动图象分析仪和数字模板画图仪进行了肺巨噬细胞内煤尘负荷的形态计量分析。结果：①淮北矿务局九个矿区煤样标本的游离ＳｉＯ２含量平均为６．３３％；②ＢＡＬＦ中细胞成份及生化指标的改变与煤尘含游离ＳｉＯ２量有剂量－效应关系；③对每一巨噬细胞内尘含量的形态计量分析表明，随着染尘剂量的增加，含尘巨噬细胞总数的百分率随之上升，巨噬细胞的表面积也随之增加，呈剂量－效应关系。结论：本研究中煤尘引起大鼠病理组织上可见急性肺损伤的呼吸性尘的阈剂量为１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，未见明显急性损伤呼吸性尘的阈下剂量为７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，据此推算，引起人急性肺毒性反应的呼吸性尘阈浓度为４０．３６ｍｇ／ｍ３（相当于总尘空气浓度为１２１．０８ｍｇ／ｍ３）。     

rHuEPO、rHuGM-CSF对大鼠芥子气全身中毒疗效的初步评价

目的：评价重组人红细胞生成素（rHuEPO），重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rHuGM－CSF）,对SD大鼠芥子气全身中毒的治疗作用。方法：本实验以SD大鼠为动物模型，4mg/kg体重芥子气皮下注射为中毒剂量。治疗组动物在中毒后0.5h即皮下注射治疗药物，其中rHuEPO的剂量为300IU/kg体重，第1天和第3天各1次；rHuGM－CSF的剂量为15μg/kg体重，连续应用5d。通过观察1周内动物腹泻率，死亡率，体重变化，血常规指标变化，骨髓细胞增生程度和细胞学分类等来评价药物疗效。结果：和中毒对照组相比，药物治疗组的腹泻率，死亡率，动物体重，血常规指标以及骨髓细胞学分类等均无显著差异。但治疗组在中毒后第8天的血常规中红细胞（RBC）和血红蛋白（HGB）已上升到和正常对照组无明显差异，而中毒对照组却仍然显著低于正常对照组。另外，虽然统计学上无显著差异，但骨髓细胞分类显示治疗中单核细胞系比例和红细胞系比例也较中毒对照组有升高趋势。结论：SD大鼠芥子气中毒后，只应用rHuEPO和rHuGM－CSF进行药物治疗，虽然能一定程度上刺激骨髓红细胞系和单核细胞系的生长，但对其他细胞系的刺激作用不明显，而且反而可能由于其副作用使动物的腹泻率和死亡率升高。因此在芥子气全身中毒的综合治疗方案中，rHuEPO和rHuGM－CSF只能起辅助治疗作用。     

丝瓜提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响

目的　探讨丝瓜的果、叶、藤提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响。方法　将 50只小鼠随机等分为正常对照组、阳性对照组、实验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组。正常对照组用生理盐水灌胃 ,实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用丝瓜的果、叶和藤提取物灌胃 ,阳性对照组用胸腺肽灌胃 ;10d后检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内酸性磷酸酶活性及巨噬细胞吞噬功能的变化。结果　实验组吞噬功能强度由高到低依次为实验Ⅲ组、实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组 ,但 3组比较无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5)。各实验组与正常对照组相比 ,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内酸性磷酸酶活性和巨噬细胞吞噬功能均有不同程度增强 (P <0 .0 5) ,与阳性对照组相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　丝瓜不同部位提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞功能均有增强作用     

Histological differences in new-onset IgA nephropathy between children and adults.

BACKGROUND: It is suggested that IgA nephropathy (IgAN) manifests differently in children vs adults on the basis of biopsy findings. However, this has been difficult to establish owing to the uncertainty of the timing of disease onset in adult IgAN. We addressed this question by comparing both histology and leucocyte accumulation in biopsies of recently diagnosed childhood and adult IgAN. METHODS: Biopsies taken within 2 years from the onset of renal abnormalities in 33 childhood (10 +/- 3 years of age) and 38 adult (35 +/- 6 years) cases of IgAN were examined for histological changes (cellularity in mesangial, endocapillary and extracapillary areas, matrix expansion, adhesions/crescents and interstitial damage), glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement, and the presence of macrophages, activated macrophages and T cells by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Glomerular hypercellularity owing to increased cells in mesangial area was prominent in paediatric IgAN and significantly greater than in adult IgAN. In contrast, glomerular matrix expansion, crescent formation and interstitial damage were more severe in adults compared to paediatric IgAN. Indeed, glomerular hypercellularity correlated with proteinuria in paediatric but not in adult IgAN, whereas glomerular matrix correlated with proteinuria and renal function in adult but not in paediatric IgAN. The degree of C3c deposition was significantly greater in paediatric IgAN, while deposition of fibrinogen was greater in adult IgAN. Glomerular and interstitial CD68+ macrophages and a subset of sialoadhesin (Sn)+ activated macrophages were identified in both paediatric and adult IgAN, being significantly greater in number in adult IgAN. Glomerular leucocyte infiltration correlated with proteinuria while interstitial leucocyte infiltration correlated with interstitial damage in both groups. However, only the subset of Sn+ macrophages gave a significant correlation with renal function, glomerular hypercellularity and glomerular matrix. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated significant differences in the early glomerular lesions of IgAN in children vs adults. Furthermore, Sn+ activated macrophages are implicated in the pathogenesis of IgAN in both patient groups. The prognostic significance of these findings warrants further study.     

单顺反子表达人GM-CSF和B7.1融合基因真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的　构建单顺反子表达人 GM- CSF和 B7.1融合基因真核表达载体。　方法　应用巨引物 PCR技术对 h GM- CSF基因 c DNA进行定点突变 ;应用 PCR重叠延伸法 ,将 h GM- CSF和 h B7.1基因的 c DNA编码序列通过一 linker序列拼接 ,构建 h GM- CSF与 h B7.1融合基因 h GM- B7.1,将其插入 pc DNA3真核表达载体 ,测定核苷酸序列。　结果　序列分析表明 :(1) h GM- CSF突变体基因 c DNA编码序列的 178位核苷酸由 C变为 A,其余核苷酸序列均未发生变化 ;(2 ) h GM- CSF、linker、h B7.1的连接顺序、方向及序列完全正确。　结论　构建 pc DNA3- h GM- B7.1融合基因真核表达载体成功     

泡型肝包虫病的超声诊断再探讨-附100例分析

目的:探讨泡型肝包虫病的B超特征,提出分型依据。方法:综合分析100例经手术或穿刺病理证实的B超声像图表现,并结合部分经CT、MRI检查病例对比研究。结果:100例泡型肝包虫,B超主要表现为①肝内不规则强回声团块80例,其中团块内呈弥漫性粗颗粒状强回声类似"落雪状"改变25例,团块内合并坏死液化20例,团块内钙化25例,钙化和液化同时出现10例。②肝内呈结节状改变20例。结论:泡型肝包虫病表现有其特征性,团块内粗颗粒状强回声,不规则液化坏死,斑片状钙化,周边无低回声暗晕以及彩超团块内无血流信号是与肝癌等肿块鉴别的重要依据。     

BMP复合体在牙槽骨缺损修复中的作用

①目的　观察狗下颌牙槽骨缺损区植入天然骨形成蛋白 +Ⅰ型胶原 +天然珊瑚复合体 (BMP复合体 )后新骨形成情况。②方法　 4只成年狗右侧下颌牙槽骨建立 5mm× 3mm× 2mm大小骨缺损区作为实验侧 ,植入BMP复合体 ,左侧建立相同骨缺损作为对照侧 ,不植入任何材料。术后 8周处死动物并进行放射、组织学 (光镜及扫描电镜 )检查。③结果　 4只狗中的 3只实验侧较对照侧牙槽骨愈合更佳 ,1只狗实验侧与对照侧骨愈合无明显差别。光镜检查实验侧可见大量的成骨细胞 ,骨缺损区被新生骨充盈 ;对照侧则见大量的纤维母细胞 ,新生骨量较少。电镜下实验侧可见大量位于骨陷窝内的成熟的成骨细胞。④结论　BMP复合体可促进狗下颌牙槽骨缺损的修复 ,有可能成为临床治疗牙槽骨缺损的一种理想的材料     

大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表达促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素的实验研究

目的 观察促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)在大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的表达变化规律.方法 体外培养大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,采用RT-PCR及ELISA技术检测正常及脂多糖(LPS)、佛波脂(PMA)刺激后,细胞CRH mRNA转录水平及CRH多肽合成水平.结果 RT-PCR结果显示,正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内有一定水平的CRH mRNA,LPS及PMA刺激后,细胞内CRH mRNA水平均显著增高(P＜0.01).在多肽水平,正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞可表达低水平的CRH[约(0.07±0.01)ng/107cells],LPS及PMA促进了CRH多肽的合成(P＜0.01).结论 正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞可合成表达CRH,其水平在活化后大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞显著上调.